Annotated Bibliographies

Resolution Of Cuban Missile Crisis
      • This source was extremely helpful in two things, one is clarifying the style of which reports during this time used, the second was the information given. As a news report from the day the events took place, I was able to tell the information is reliable. Through my own separate research I found the information proved valid, finding that such meetings did take place and met with a large amount of success. It introduced the fact that the attorney general visited Cuba in order to oversee the preliminary deconstruction of the missiles, as well as the fact that the United Nations was included in the discussion over what to do.
      • This source is another partial news reel from the time in question, making it extremely reliable as well. This report confirmed that the missiles in Cuba were indeed being dismantled, as well as confirm that they were being sent back to the Soviet Union shortly afterward. It also put forward the fact that the United States continued to watch Cuba to make sure that they were not lying about dismantling the missiles, and would need to confirm it with more satellite pictures. It also makes the fact clear that the Quarantine was not canceled yet, and that it would not be until they could be absolutely sure that the missiles were to be sent back to the Soviet Union.
      • This site gave recorded audio of discussions between Kennedy and his cabinet. I can tell this source is reliable because the discussion taking place includes the voices of members of the cabinet and Kennedy, as well as the fact that they were released by the Kennedy library. These tapes gave me bundles of information including the personality of the discussion, and its degradation from logical process to paranoia and confusion. This information let me provide an excess of accuracy in my report, as well as the kind of tone that would be used after such a trying time. I believe that thanks to these tapes, both our website and our National History Day project will contain the proper tone of the government and the people.
      • This source was useful in showing me classified documents from the dates of the Cuban Missile Crisis and some more important parts of the aftermath. As being part of a college's site, the information is very reliable, and is not questionable. The documents hosted include letters between Khrushchev and Castro, which included valuable information about the other side, which, may not be completely useful now, but will show its use at a later date.
      • This source is part of the John Kennedy museum, and as such, is an extremely reliable and valuable source regarding Kennedy's life, and more specifically the Cuban Missile Crisis. This article in particular, helped me understand more what people thought about the crisis because it contained the results of surveys that showed what people thought the reasons and consequences of what could have happened. Using that tone helped me construct my article easily, due to understanding more forcibly the kind of relief that was widespread when the crisis ended.

Operation Northwoods

      • -This source is extremely helpful for my research because it is the overview of the original document. It has statements of what they had planned and how it would have been executed. It’s scary to think that at some point in time there were a handful of men who day in and day out, talked over this document and knew they couldn’t tell anyone and if it went through would have to keep it a secret or face charges of treason and worse. It explicitly says in the document to not forward it to anyone basically. The document gave me the tactics they were planning on using to create public support behind a war with Cuba.
          • -This story is helpful because it has a lot of interviews with different people on the Board of Defense that offer information that I may not have found otherwise. It also shows some more diverse views seeing as most of my other primary sources have no narrative aspect and you only get the information that you see, rather than the information that you can read.
          • -This source shows a bit of back story to how Operation Northwoods began. It talks about different high ranking U.S Officials urging President Kennedy, who was strongly against any type of war and wanted to resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis peacefully, to at least consider some sort of military intervention. It references an ‘Operation Mongoose’ which was another operation involving intervention in Cuba, on a much less aggressive level.

7 Days In Hell

      • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/620928_621025%20Chronology%201.pdf
      • This is an excellent source and where I got the primary basis for my article. What this article contains is a great piece by piece breakdown of what happened in the early days of the Cuban missile crisis a.k.a the declaration of war. By piece by piece I mean that it shows days and times. Also since I am working on the moral complications also it talks about his meeting with his Advisors and their views on what the U.S. should do. This showed many perspectives on what was happening and as you see the time line progress it shows the decisions and why they were made.
      • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/18.jpg
      • This is a picture of the thing that was mentioned in the article. This is a picture of the uncrating of IL-28 bombers and the thing that led the United States of America to know that they were allied with the Soviet Union. This photograph was a catalyst to what happened with the declaration of war. Without this photograph and further analysis there would be no cuban missile crisis. Another way to look at this picture would be that if we didn't fear a nuclear war bla bla writers block.
      • http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html
      • This is a great source for listening to John F. Kennedy's speech about and regarding to the cuban missile crisis. This source is also a great reference for my part of the project where I discuss John F. Kennedy and Gromyok's meeting. I write that it adds another layer of moral complication and here it shows the distrust of the soviet union by saying this statement is false twice. This is a motivation for us attacking the Soviet union but we dont, instead we just advance with our blockade and do what we said we would do earlier, which is stopping new things coming into Cuba.
        • Memoir of a General who was in a navy ship during the cuban missile crisis
        • This source was helpful in providing a different perspective in the war. As the article is still only focused on the American side this essential in showing moral complications. This was because after reading this they seemed more human to me and not the people causing a problem. Without this source it would be just like only getting one side of the story and that would not be a complete investigative journal or report.

    Quarantine

          • This book was a very useful resource. The Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis gives a detailed account of everything that happened during the event. They talk about the times the quarantine was in effect (October 28 - October 20) and the debate over the usefulness before JFK signed the order.
        • The Red Threat. President Orders Cuban Blockade, 1962/10/22 (1962). Perf. John F. Kennedy. http://www.archive.org/details/1962-10-22_The_Red_Threat. Universal Studios. Web. 9 Dec. 2010
        • Video of President Kennedy giving a speech initializing the cuban blockade.
        • The Audio on this site is an interview with Arther Schlesenger, a renowned American Historian, who delved deep into the affair president Kennedy and the men and women around him for years. He talks about the account of the Cuban Missile crisis. This is possible a secondary source. Since it was 40 years after the Cuban Missile Crisis itself.

    Bay Of Pigs

        • http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vnYyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u-kFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2673,3523714&dq=bay+of+pigs&hl=en
          • This is an image of The Palm Beach Post. This primary source was useful because it reports (this link is an image of the actual newspaper article - from the first page continuing to 6 pages to the right) the event of The Invasion of the Bay of Pigs. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an important event in the Cuban Missile Crisis, when Cuba was suspected of housing missiles distributed by the Soviet Union. Prior to the invasion, the CIA had Cuban exiles trained to invade their homeland, in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s government. Reported in many newspapers, foreign and American, the Cuban government were forewarned of this invasion and were prepared for it. When it had happened, news radio broadcasts told of the invasion as a success, but within 3 days, it had been over because of the forewarning. The article provides other primary sources which includes pictures of the Bay of Pigs prisoners.
        • http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Reference+Desk/Press+Conferences/003POF05Pressconference10_04211961.htm
          • This primary source is an Official White House Transcript of a news conference with President John F. Kennedy. This takes place on April 21, 1961, two days after the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Although the transcript is lengthy, only two to three questions focus on the situation of Cuba. When asked about the training of Cuban refugees, the President assures the public that the facts would come out in due time, though newspapers had already reported the incident and confirmed it to be true, from when President Eisenhower had ordered the CIA to start training Cuban exiles to eventually invade their home country. Obviously aware that the invasion had already taken place, the person asking questions asks about Castro’s state of being, having not been heard since “Monday or Tuesday.” This question is probably trying to confirm whether or not the dictator had been successfully killed in the invasion.
        • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phpe0DsisbY
          • This primary source is an interview with Khrushchev and his explanation of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. According to him, Cuba joined the Soviet Union AFTER they were invaded. Castro “gave this obligation” to Khrushchev. Also, if the Soviet Union did not protect this “very small, useless land” surrounded by hostile territory, the Soviet Union would lose its reputation because of the possible fact that they did not protect their allies, so their allies would never trust them. The reason why the Soviet Union decided to send missiles to Cuba (and this is proven to be true) was to use this action as an ambassadorial signal basically saying, “Don’t mess with Cuba.” This was only used as a signal because ICBM’s could have traveled from Russia to the U.S., and vice versa, in a short space of time.
        • http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset+Tree/Asset+Viewers/Image+Asset+Viewer.htm?guid={BA52C373-53BF-4934-BD64-B06AF90AA2F3}&&num=1
          • This is a letter written by Congress (more specifically, Gerald R. Ford, Jr.) to President John F. Kennedy, informing him that Congress knew about Castro’s offer to release the 1,113 Bay of Pigs Prisoners-of-War on a $62 Million payment from the U.S. government. The composer shows his sympathy for the prisoners, and wishes that they come home in time for Christmas (the letter was addressed on December 20, 1962), but holds the honor of the U.S. nation more strongly. He feels that if the President complies with Castro’s offer, the respect of the American nation would decrease while increasing the Cuban government’s respect (How? I’m not sure). He is also informed, through newspaper headlines, that if the payment were to be given, it would come out of U.S. taxpayer dollars. Gerald Ford also urges the President to inform the public about the exchange at hand.
        • Sierra, A. "Bay of Pigs, April, 1961 - History of Cuba." Cuban History Begins Here. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. <http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/baypigs/pigs.htm>.
        • http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0417.html#article
          • Like the Palm Beach Post’s article, the New York Times reported the Bay of Pigs invasion. Reporting similar information to the Palm Beach Post, but with less speculation and with minimal speculation about the training of Cuban rebels, they also note the actions of Fidel Castro (he did not speak to the nation at all during the battle and was supposedly injured but escaped) and gives more of a perspective from the Cuban side. They say that Castro was in a town that was bombed, close to the invasion. Subsequent to the invasion, the United States had declared its motives to overthrow the Communist regime. Cuba gave a state of national alert and arrested Eduardo Roza Masvidal, who was accused of hiding cash and medicine for the Cuban rebels. The article also reports how many each side had: Cuban Rebels - up to 5000 / Cuban Army - 400,000, armed with the latest Soviet Bloc technology.